What is Radiology? Radiology is one of the most comprehensive branches of medicine that uses sound, radio waves and X-rays and imaging technologies in the diagnosis process of diseases and includes invasive procedures accompanied by imaging techniques in the treatment process. Supporting all other branches with its studies, radiology is a vital component of many medical decisions that affect patients. Radiology consists of two main parts:

1. Diagnostic Radiology (Diagnostic Radiology)

Diagnostic radiology is the sub-unit used to detect the symptoms of the disease or to control the response of the drugs to the treatment. The most commonly used diagnostic radiology tests are:
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA)
Computed tomography (CT), including CT angiography
Upper gastrointestinal tract and fluoroscopy
Nuclear medicine examinations including tests such as thallium cardiac stress test, thyroid scan and bone scan,
PET imaging and PET scanning, also known as position emission tomography,
mammography,
ultrasound,
x-ray

2. Treatment and Interventional Radiology (Radiotherapy)

Treatment and interventional radiology is defined as a system that provides image guidance for minimally invasive procedures in the treatment of diseases that do not require open surgery. It helps guide medical procedures with imaging modalities such as ultrasound, MRI, fluoroscopy and CT. Treatment and interventional radiology has an active role in the treatment of diseases such as occlusion of arteries and veins, back pain, kidney and liver problems, cancer, tumor, uterine fibroid. Such treatments are less risky, less painful and shorten the recovery time compared to traditional operations. Examples of Treatment and Interventional Radiology procedures:
embolization used to control bleeding,
Vascular imaging (angiography),
Vascular dilation (angioplasty),
chemoembolization,
Y-90 radioembolization,
Tumor ablation treatments,
Lumbar and spinal bone fracture treatments,
breast biopsy,
Needle biopsies,
Treatment of occlusion in the uterine artery
Venous access catheter placement, such as peak catheter (PICC)
Feeding tube placement.
There are a number of methods used in radiology for diagnosis and treatment planning. The main purpose of these methods is to reach results that will help in the process of making the correct diagnosis of the disease. Imaging methods used in radiology are as follows: – Imaging Methods Using Radiofrequency Waves and Magnetic FieldMagnetic Resonance Imaging (MR): It is an imaging method that uses a strong radiofrequency wave and magnetic field to create cross-sectional images of vessels, bones, tissues and organs. It is frequently preferred in fields such as neurology, gynecology, heart diseases, physical therapy and orthopedics. Ultrasound: It is the method in which sound waves are used between radiology and imaging methods. This method is used in examinations in many regions such as the activities of the urinary system, gynecological examinations, and intra-abdominal organs. This examination method does not cause any harm in terms of patient health. – Imaging Methods Using X-Ray X-Ray: It is the method of imaging body structures, especially bones, using X-rays (X-rays). Panoramic x-ray: It is the radiology method preferred for the field of dental and oral diseases, in which the inside of the mouth is viewed completely. It is an imaging method that is frequently needed by many doctors to enable planning before treatment. Mammography: It is the process of imaging the breast, which is compressed between two layers, using x-rays. Tomosynthesis Mammography: It is the method of examining the breast in 3D with X-rays. It is known as the frequently preferred radiology method, especially for the early diagnosis of breast cancer. During this method, the person's vascular access is opened and an iodinated substance is injected. Because it offers clear imaging technology, examination lesions can be clearly located. Thus, the diagnosis and treatment process becomes easier. Bone Densitometry: It is a radiology method in which bone density losses and bone fragility rates are evaluated by measuring the mineral density in the bones. With the help of this test, osteoporosis (bone loss) can be determined precisely at an early stage. The test is done using x-rays. Fluoroscopy – Radioscopy: It is a method of taking real-time images of patients. Contrast material is given to body structures such as mouth, veins, rectal and vaginal tracts that cannot be seen on normal radiograms and are made visible by staining. Then the test is done using x-rays. Procedures such as stenting for drainage catheters, narrowed vessels or imaging of the gastrointestinal tract are performed with this method. Computed Tomography: It is an imaging method in which a cross-sectional image of the examined body region is created with the help of X-rays. X-ray images taken from different angles are combined with a computed tomography device and cross-sectional images of areas such as bone, vein, and soft tissue are created. Computed tomography (CT) provides important results on the shape and placement of soft tissues and bones. It has an important place especially in oncological cases, in the examination of cancer spread and in the planning of the treatment process, in the diagnosis of heart diseases and in neurological diseases.